Rsync：高效的文件同步工具完全指南

# 基本语法
rsync [选项] 源目录/ 目标目录/

# 同步单个目录
rsync -av /source/directory/ /destination/directory/

# 同步多个目录
rsync -av /source1/ /source2/ /destination/

# 排除某些文件
rsync -av --exclude '*.tmp' /source/ /destination/

# 归档模式（保持所有属性）
rsync -a /source/ /destination/

# 显示详细信息
rsync -v /source/ /destination/

# 显示传输进度
rsync -P /source/ /destination/

# 压缩传输
rsync -z /source/ /destination/

# 推送到远程服务器
rsync -avz /local/directory/ user@remote:/remote/directory/

# 从远程服务器拉取
rsync -avz user@remote:/remote/directory/ /local/directory/

# 使用自定义SSH端口
rsync -avz -e "ssh -p 2222" /local/directory/ user@remote:/remote/directory/

# 连接到rsync服务器
rsync -avz /local/directory/ rsync://server/module/

# 列出可用模块
rsync rsync://server/

# 使用用户名密码
rsync -avz --password-file=/etc/rsync.pass /local/directory/ rsync://user@server/module/

# 使用硬链接创建增量备份
rsync -av --link-dest=/backup/previous /source/ /backup/current/

# 创建时间戳目录
backup_dir="/backup/$(date +%Y%m%d)"
rsync -av --link-dest=/backup/latest /source/ "$backup_dir"
ln -snf "$backup_dir" /backup/latest

# 使用模式过滤
rsync -av --include='*.txt' --exclude='*' /source/ /destination/

# 使用过滤文件
cat > filter-list.txt << EOF
+ /important/
- /temp/
- *.tmp
EOF
rsync -av --filter="merge filter-list.txt" /source/ /destination/

# 使用压缩传输（适用于慢速网络）
rsync -avz --compress-level=9 /source/ /destination/

# 限制带宽使用
rsync -av --bwlimit=1000 /source/ /destination/

# 并行传输（使用多个rsync进程）
for i in {1..4}; do
    rsync -av --include="part$i/*" --exclude="*" /source/ /destination/ &
done
wait

# 使用较大的块大小
rsync -av --block-size=128K /source/ /destination/

# 修改IO优先级
ionice -c2 -n7 rsync -av /source/ /destination/

# 生成SSH密钥
ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "rsync-key"

# 复制公钥到远程服务器
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub user@remote

# 使用指定密钥
rsync -av -e "ssh -i ~/.ssh/id_ed25519" /source/ user@remote:/destination/

# /etc/rsyncd.conf
uid = nobody
gid = nobody
use chroot = yes
max connections = 4
pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid
exclude = lost+found/
transfer logging = yes
timeout = 900
ignore nonreadable = yes

[backup]
path = /backup
comment = Backup Directory
read only = no
auth users = backupuser
secrets file = /etc/rsyncd.secrets

# 启用详细日志
rsync -av --log-file=/var/log/rsync.log /source/ /destination/

# 使用syslog
rsync -av --log-file-format='%t %f %b' /source/ /destination/

#!/bin/bash
# rsync监控脚本

LOG_FILE="/var/log/rsync_monitor.log"
ALERT_EMAIL="admin@example.com"

monitor_rsync() {
    if ! pgrep -x "rsync" > /dev/null; then
        echo "$(date): Rsync process not found!" >> $LOG_FILE
        echo "Rsync process not running!" | mail -s "Rsync Alert" $ALERT_EMAIL
    fi
}

# 检查传输速度
check_speed() {
    speed=$(rsync -av --stats /source/ /destination/ | grep "bytes/sec" | awk '{print $NF}')
    if [[ $speed -lt 1000000 ]]; then
        echo "$(date): Low transfer speed: $speed bytes/sec" >> $LOG_FILE
    fi
}

# 创建每日备份脚本
cat > daily-backup.sh << 'EOF'
#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d)
BACKUP_DIR="/backup/$DATE"
SOURCE_DIR="/data"
LOG_FILE="/var/log/backup-$DATE.log"

rsync -av --link-dest=/backup/latest "$SOURCE_DIR/" "$BACKUP_DIR/" >> "$LOG_FILE" 2>&1
ln -snf "$BACKUP_DIR" /backup/latest
EOF

# 添加到crontab
0 2 * * * /path/to/daily-backup.sh

#!/bin/bash
# 多目标同步脚本

SERVERS=(
    "server1:/backup"
    "server2:/backup"
    "server3:/backup"
)

for server in "${SERVERS[@]}"; do
    rsync -avz --delete /source/ "user@$server/" &
done
wait

# 检查连接问题
rsync -av --stats --dry-run /source/ destination/

# 检查权限问题
rsync -av --chmod=Du=rwx,Dg=rx,Do=rx,Fu=rw,Fg=r,Fo=r /source/ /destination/

# 恢复中断的传输
rsync -av --partial --progress /source/ /destination/

# 启用调试输出
rsync -avvv --stats /source/ /destination/

# 测试模式（不实际传输）
rsync -av --dry-run /source/ /destination/

# 检查文件列表
rsync -av --list-only /source/ /destination/

date: 2022-07-10T18:10:14+08:00
tags: ["linux","rsync","ssh"]

sudo apt-get install rsync

rsync -r source destination
rsync -a source destination

rsync -av --delete source/ destination

rsync -av source/ username@Backup:destination
rsync -av username@Backup:/destination source

-e 'ssh -p 2234'